A short film is any film not long enough to be considered a feature film. There isn't a rule that exists to where that boundary is drawn. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences says that a short film is "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". Short films are normally screened at local, national or international film festivals. Short films are often made by independent film makers for nonprofit where they either have a very low budget or no budget at all. However in very rare cases they have big budgets which would be funded by film grants, sponsors or nonprofit organisations.
History
The very first short films were presented to the public in 1894 which were shown through Thomas Edison’s Kinetoscope. This was like a peepshow device which was only for individual viewing. These and the projected films that succeeded them were often one-shot “actuality” or “interest” films showing celebrities, royal processions, travelogues, current affairs and scenes from everyday life. The best known film from this time would probably be the Lumière brothers’ Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat (1895), which was to have had audiences running away in terror as a they believed the train hurtling towards them was actually going to hit them. However in the early 1900s there were major improvements in recording and editing technology which then allowed film-makers to produce longer, multi-shot films. Some of the most memorable longer short films from the pre-features era include Georges Méliès’s A Trip to the Moon (1902) where a group of astronomers build an improbable space ship and encounter some acrobatic moon men and also Edwin S Porter’s The Great Train Robbery (1903) which is often celebrated as the first Western.
Progression
There are only a few big companies that create short films now because of the technology that they can use they can make a long film just as easily. For example Pixar used to run a short film just before one of there feature films to either fill a gap before the feature was about to start or to promote something else. Also because Disney have taken over Pixar they have also been making short films to run along side there feature films. Because of the technology progression in the past years these short films have been able to be shown to a much larger audience compared to the individual audience that was shown by the Kinetoscope in 1894. They can be shown on the Internet on websites such as YouTube and Vimeo. They are also shown at some short film exhibitions. This would be classed as there main way to reach there audiences.
This is an example of a short film that Disney have made in the year 2012. The short film was directed by John Kahrs. John Karhs an American animator and film maker who in 2013, won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film for this film 'Paperman'. Disney have also made many more popular short films that are made for all different types of audiences.
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